# UtilByte

> 55 free browser-based tools for images, PDFs, text, developer tasks, video, and everyday utilities. Most tool processing runs locally; network tools have separate data-handling conditions.

Tools are interactive web pages. Input/output labels describe data types, not an exhaustive list of accepted file extensions. File limits, supported formats, browser compatibility, and result quality vary by tool. Read the linked tool page before choosing settings or handling sensitive input.

Local processing does not mean an offline website: some tools download runtimes or language models, and site analytics and advertising are separate from processing. API Client, Request Catcher, Local Proxy, and WebSocket Client send data over the network. Their individual processing notes apply.

This directory describes the shipped tools; it is not an endorsement by an AI provider or a guarantee of search ranking. MCP access requires a compatible client and is separate from running a tool in the browser.

Directory: https://utilbyte.app/llms.txt
Privacy policy: https://utilbyte.app/privacy
MCP setup: https://utilbyte.app/ai
MCP protocol endpoint: https://utilbyte.app/mcp

## Tool reference

### Background Remover

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/remove-background
Catalog ID: image-remove-background
Category: Image
Purpose: Plain backgrounds
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Plain backgrounds
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Blur Image

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/blur-image
Catalog ID: image-blur-image
Category: Image
Purpose: Blur & pixelate
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Blur & pixelate
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Format Converter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/format-converter
Catalog ID: image-format-converter
Category: Image
Purpose: PNG, JPG, WebP
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: PNG, JPG, WebP
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Image Compressor

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-image
Catalog ID: image-compress-image
Category: Image
Purpose: Reduce file size
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Reduce file size
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.
Related tools: [Image Resizer](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/resize-image), [Image to PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/image-to-pdf)

### Compress to Size

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-to-size
Catalog ID: image-compress-to-size
Category: Image
Purpose: Target a KB limit
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Target a KB limit
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Document Photo

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/document-photo
Catalog ID: image-document-photo
Category: Image
Purpose: Passport & visa sizes
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Passport & visa sizes
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Image Cropper

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/crop-image
Catalog ID: image-crop-image
Category: Image
Purpose: Crop with precision
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Crop with precision
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Image Resizer

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/resize-image
Catalog ID: image-resize-image
Category: Image
Purpose: Any dimension
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Any dimension
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Image to Text (OCR)

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/ocr
Catalog ID: image-ocr
Category: Image
Purpose: Extract text
Inputs: image
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Extract text
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: Recognition runs in this browser. The OCR worker and language models may be downloaded from external hosts; image processing remains local.

### HEIC to JPG

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/heic-to-jpg
Catalog ID: image-heic-to-jpg
Category: Image
Purpose: iPhone photos
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: iPhone photos
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### WebP to PNG

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/webp-to-png
Catalog ID: image-webp-to-png
Category: Image
Purpose: Lossless, keeps alpha
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Lossless, keeps alpha
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### AVIF to JPG

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/avif-to-jpg
Catalog ID: image-avif-to-jpg
Category: Image
Purpose: Wide compatibility
Inputs: image
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Wide compatibility
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Compress PDF

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/compress-pdf
Catalog ID: pdf-compress-pdf
Category: PDF
Purpose: Reduce size
Inputs: pdf
Outputs: pdf
Capabilities: Reduce size
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### PDF to Size

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/compress-to-size
Catalog ID: pdf-compress-to-size
Category: PDF
Purpose: Target a file size
Inputs: pdf
Outputs: pdf
Capabilities: Target a file size
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Image to PDF

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/image-to-pdf
Catalog ID: pdf-image-to-pdf
Category: PDF
Purpose: Create PDF
Inputs: image
Outputs: pdf
Capabilities: Create PDF
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Merge PDF

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/merge-pdf
Catalog ID: pdf-merge-pdf
Category: PDF
Purpose: Combine files
Inputs: pdf
Outputs: pdf
Capabilities: Combine files
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### PDF Editor

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/edit-pdf
Catalog ID: pdf-edit-pdf
Category: PDF
Purpose: Edit any PDF
Inputs: pdf
Outputs: pdf
Capabilities: Edit any PDF
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### PDF to Image

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/pdf-to-image
Catalog ID: pdf-pdf-to-image
Category: PDF
Purpose: Convert pages
Inputs: pdf
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Convert pages
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Rotate PDF

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/rotate-pdf
Catalog ID: pdf-rotate-pdf
Category: PDF
Purpose: Rotate pages
Inputs: pdf
Outputs: pdf
Capabilities: Rotate pages
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Split PDF

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/split-pdf
Catalog ID: pdf-split-pdf
Category: PDF
Purpose: Separate pages
Inputs: pdf
Outputs: pdf
Capabilities: Separate pages
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Case Converter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/text-tools/case-converter
Catalog ID: text-case-converter
Category: Text
Purpose: Change case
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Change case
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Lorem Ipsum

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/text-tools/lorem-ipsum
Catalog ID: text-lorem-ipsum
Category: Text
Purpose: Generate text
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Generate text
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Remove Duplicates

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/text-tools/remove-duplicates
Catalog ID: text-remove-duplicates
Category: Text
Purpose: Clean text
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Clean text
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Text Formatter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/text-tools/text-formatter
Catalog ID: text-text-formatter
Category: Text
Purpose: Format text
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Format text
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Word Counter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/text-tools/word-counter
Catalog ID: text-word-counter
Category: Text
Purpose: Count words
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Count words
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### JSON ↔ CSV

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-csv
Catalog ID: dev-json-csv
Category: Developer
Purpose: Convert flat records and tables
Inputs: json, csv
Outputs: json, csv
Capabilities: Convert flat records and tables
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.
Related tools: [JSON Formatter](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-formatter), [JSON Schema Validator](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-schema)

### JSON Schema Validator

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-schema
Catalog ID: dev-json-schema
Category: Developer
Purpose: Validate JSON against a draft-07 schema
Inputs: json, json-schema
Outputs: validation-report
Capabilities: Validate JSON against a draft-07 schema
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.
Related tools: [JSON Formatter](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-formatter)

### JSON to TypeScript

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-to-typescript
Catalog ID: dev-json-to-typescript
Category: Developer
Purpose: Infer types from a JSON example
Inputs: json
Outputs: typescript
Capabilities: Infer types from a JSON example
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.
Related tools: [JSON Schema Validator](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-schema), [JSON Formatter](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-formatter)

### API Client

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/api-client
Catalog ID: dev-api-client
Category: Developer
Purpose: Send HTTP requests
Inputs: http-request
Outputs: http-response
Capabilities: Send HTTP requests
Processing: Requests pass through the UtilByte proxy (proxied-network)
Data handling: Your URL, headers, and body go through UtilByte's /api/proxy server to the destination. Responses return through that server. Do not send secrets you cannot share with the destination and proxy.

### Base64

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/base64
Catalog ID: dev-base64
Category: Developer
Purpose: Encode/decode
Inputs: text, base64
Outputs: base64, text
Capabilities: Encode/decode
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Code Beautifier

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/code-beautifier
Catalog ID: dev-code-beautifier
Category: Developer
Purpose: Format HTML/CSS/JS
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Format HTML/CSS/JS
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Cron Parser

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/cron-parser
Catalog ID: dev-cron-parser
Category: Developer
Purpose: Parse cron
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Parse cron
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Diff Checker

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/diff-checker
Catalog ID: dev-diff-checker
Category: Developer
Purpose: Compare text
Inputs: text
Outputs: text-diff
Capabilities: Compare text
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Hash Generator

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/hash-generator
Catalog ID: dev-hash-generator
Category: Developer
Purpose: MD5, SHA
Inputs: text
Outputs: hash
Capabilities: MD5, SHA
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### JSON Formatter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-formatter
Catalog ID: dev-json-formatter
Category: Developer
Purpose: Format & validate JSON
Inputs: json
Outputs: json
Capabilities: Format & validate JSON
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.
Related tools: [JSON ↔ CSV](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-csv), [JSON Schema Validator](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-schema), [JSON to TypeScript](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-to-typescript)

### JWT Decoder

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/jwt-decoder
Catalog ID: dev-jwt-decoder
Category: Developer
Purpose: Decode tokens
Inputs: jwt
Outputs: json
Capabilities: Decode tokens
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Markdown Renderer

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/markdown-renderer
Catalog ID: dev-markdown-renderer
Category: Developer
Purpose: Render markdown
Inputs: markdown
Outputs: html
Capabilities: Render markdown
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: Markdown renders in your browser. Remote images embedded in the document can contact their source servers.

### Online Compiler

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/online-compiler
Catalog ID: dev-online-compiler
Category: Developer
Purpose: Run JavaScript and Python examples
Inputs: code
Outputs: execution-output
Capabilities: Run JavaScript and Python examples
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: JavaScript and Python execute in this browser; TypeScript is not transpiled. Python downloads Pyodide from jsDelivr on first use. Code can access browser capabilities and make network requests. There is no isolated security sandbox or execution timeout; run only code you trust.

### Regex Tester

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/regex-tester
Catalog ID: dev-regex-tester
Category: Developer
Purpose: Test patterns
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Test patterns
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Request Catcher

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/request-catcher
Catalog ID: dev-request-catcher
Category: Developer
Purpose: Capture requests
Inputs: http-request
Outputs: request-log
Capabilities: Capture requests
Processing: Hosted service (hosted)
Data handling: Incoming requests are stored in a hosted Supabase database, including body, query, headers (except Authorization), and IP address. Anyone with the bin ID can read or clear it. The supplied database policies also permit broad anonymous access. No automatic retention cleanup is implemented in the supplied source. Clear deletes the bin's request rows; infrastructure logs/backups are outside this control. Use synthetic test data only.

### Local Proxy

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/local-proxy
Catalog ID: dev-local-proxy
Category: Developer
Purpose: Forward to localhost
Inputs: http-request
Outputs: http-response
Capabilities: Forward to localhost
Processing: Hosted service (hosted)
Data handling: Requests are stored by the hosted Request Catcher, then forwarded to the configured URL when enabled. Bin IDs are shared with Request Catcher and saved in this browser. Anyone with an ID can change forwarding settings; no owner authentication is implemented. No automatic retention cleanup is implemented. Use synthetic test data only.

### SQL Formatter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/sql-formatter
Catalog ID: dev-sql-formatter
Category: Developer
Purpose: Beautify SQL queries
Inputs: sql
Outputs: sql
Capabilities: Beautify SQL queries
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.
Related tools: [Diff Checker](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/diff-checker)

### URL Encoder

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/url-encoder
Catalog ID: dev-url-encoder
Category: Developer
Purpose: Encode URLs
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Encode URLs
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### UUID Generator

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/uuid-generator
Catalog ID: dev-uuid-generator
Category: Developer
Purpose: Generate IDs
Inputs: settings
Outputs: uuid
Capabilities: Generate IDs
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### WebSocket Client

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/websocket-client
Catalog ID: dev-websocket-client
Category: Developer
Purpose: WS connections
Inputs: text
Outputs: messages
Capabilities: WS connections
Processing: Direct connection to a user-selected server (direct-network)
Data handling: Connects directly from this browser to the WebSocket URL you enter. Messages are sent to that server; its retention policy applies.

### Video to Audio

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/video-tools/video-to-audio
Catalog ID: video-video-to-audio
Category: Video
Purpose: Extract audio
Inputs: video
Outputs: media
Capabilities: Extract audio
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: Media processing runs in this browser. FFmpeg downloads its runtime from an external CDN when needed. Your selected video is not uploaded by the tool.

### Video Compressor

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/video-tools/compress-video
Catalog ID: video-compress-video
Category: Video
Purpose: Reduce size
Inputs: video
Outputs: media
Capabilities: Reduce size
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: Media processing runs in this browser. FFmpeg downloads its runtime from an external CDN when needed. Your selected video is not uploaded by the tool.

### Video to GIF

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/video-tools/video-to-gif
Catalog ID: video-video-to-gif
Category: Video
Purpose: Create GIFs
Inputs: video
Outputs: media
Capabilities: Create GIFs
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: Media processing runs in this browser. FFmpeg downloads its runtime from an external CDN when needed. Your selected video is not uploaded by the tool.

### Barcode Generator

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/utility-tools/barcode
Catalog ID: utility-barcode
Category: Utility
Purpose: Generate barcodes
Inputs: text
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Generate barcodes
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Color Converter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/utility-tools/color-converter
Catalog ID: utility-color-converter
Category: Utility
Purpose: HEX, RGB, HSL
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: HEX, RGB, HSL
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Countdown Timer

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/utility-tools/countdown
Catalog ID: utility-countdown
Category: Utility
Purpose: Create timers
Inputs: date
Outputs: timer
Capabilities: Create timers
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Password Generator

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/utility-tools/password-generator
Catalog ID: utility-password-generator
Category: Utility
Purpose: Secure passwords
Inputs: settings
Outputs: password
Capabilities: Secure passwords
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### QR Code

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/utility-tools/qr-code
Catalog ID: utility-qr-code
Category: Utility
Purpose: Create codes
Inputs: text
Outputs: image
Capabilities: Create codes
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Timestamp Converter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/utility-tools/timestamp
Catalog ID: utility-timestamp
Category: Utility
Purpose: Unix timestamps
Inputs: timestamp, date
Outputs: timestamp, date
Capabilities: Unix timestamps
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

### Unit Converter

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/utility-tools/unit-converter
Catalog ID: utility-unit-converter
Category: Utility
Purpose: Convert units
Inputs: text
Outputs: text
Capabilities: Convert units
Processing: Browser processing (local)
Data handling: This tool processes input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate from tool processing; see the privacy policy.

## Limits and choosing a tool

Browser tools operate within device memory and browser codec support. Compression to a target size can require quality or dimension changes; the requested size is not a promise that every file can reach it. Review the actual output before submitting a document or replacing an original.

Formatting does not execute SQL or establish that a query is correct. JSON Formatter rejects duplicate keys and numbers it cannot represent safely; its path lookup supports property names and array indices, not full JSONPath. JSON conversion and schema validation have different purposes; review spreadsheet-formula handling on their tool pages. Online Compiler runs JavaScript and Python without an isolated security sandbox; its TypeScript mode does not transpile types. An image conversion does not add detail to the original. Background removal works on plain backgrounds; it is not general subject segmentation.

## Guide summaries

### Inspect JSON, validate it, then convert it safely

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/json-validation-and-conversion
Readable JSON, valid JSON, and usable exported data are different things. Follow one small example from inspection through schema validation to a spreadsheet export or an inferred TypeScript type.
An export can look correct while changing the meaning of your data. An identifier such as 001 is text; true is a boolean; a missing field is different from a field set to null. Decide which distinctions the receiving application needs before converting anything.
This workflow uses UtilByte’s JSON Formatter, JSON Schema Validator, JSON ↔ CSV, and JSON to TypeScript tools. These tools process the input in your browser. Site analytics and advertising are separate; browser processing is not a claim that every request made by the website stays offline.
Related tools: [JSON Formatter](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-formatter), [JSON Schema Validator](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-schema), [JSON ↔ CSV](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-csv), [JSON to TypeScript](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/json-to-typescript)

### SQL formatting edge cases you can reproduce

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/sql-formatting-regressions
A SQL formatter should preserve quoted values and comment boundaries. This guide explains the checked fixtures and how to reproduce them in the open-source repository.
Replacing spaces across an entire query can change a value such as 'a  b' into 'a b'. Replacing keyword text inside strings is equally unsafe. UtilByte now uses a dialect-aware formatter instead of these global replacements.
The test corpus checks specific cases. It does not validate a query, prove semantic equivalence, or guarantee every vendor extension is supported.
Related tools: [SQL Formatter](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/sql-formatter), [Diff Checker](https://utilbyte.app/dev-tools/diff-checker)

### Document photo sizes, and how to read a specification

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/document-photo-sizes
A reference for document photo specifications and, more usefully, a method for reading one you have never seen before. Two specifications here are quoted from the issuing authority and linked. Everything else is either arithmetic, which is safe anywhere, or a convention that you have to confirm before you rely on it.
Search for your country's passport photo size and you get a dozen tables, all confident, most uncited, several out of date. Some are copies of each other. At least one is copying a rule that changed years ago. The genre exists because the query is popular and the honest answer is dull: the size is whatever the authority issuing your document currently says it is.
That does not make the numbers useless, but it changes what a page like this can honestly offer. The table below carries a status column, and only two rows in it were checked against the issuing authority's own published page. The rest are conventions worth knowing as a starting point, not as an answer.
The more durable thing is understanding what each number in a specification is doing - which ones a machine checks the second you press upload, which ones a person checks a week later, and which ones describe paper rather than pixels. That transfers to any form, including the one you meet next year when this page is stale.
Related tools: [Document Photo Maker](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/document-photo), [Resize Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/resize-image), [Crop Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/crop-image), [Compress to Size](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-to-size), [Image Compressor](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-image)

### US visa and Diversity Visa photos: check the right specification

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/dv-lottery-photo-requirements
The Diversity Visa entry instructions specify a 600 by 600 pixel image. The general US visa digital-image page gives a wider range. Use the requirements for your actual application, then check composition as well as the file.
A photo can have the right number of pixels and still be unsuitable for an application. File dimensions, format and size are only part of the task; how the photograph was taken and whether it reflects your appearance also matter.
This guide is a photo-preparation reference, not an eligibility assessment or a submission service. UtilByte can help with image dimensions and file size. It cannot certify that an authority will accept a photograph.
Related tools: [Document Photo](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/document-photo), [Resize Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/resize-image), [Compress Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-image)

### How to get a photo under 20 KB without wrecking it

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/compress-photo-to-20kb
Twenty kilobytes is roughly a two-hundredth of what a phone camera produces, and the forms that ask for it do not negotiate. This guide covers the order of operations that works at 20 KB, 50 KB and 100 KB, what each of those sizes looks like on a face, and the published specifications where compressing too hard is itself a rejection.
Twenty kilobytes is not a size anyone chose on purpose. It is a number left in a database schema from a time when a scanned photograph was 640 pixels across, and it survives because nobody has a reason to change it. The forms carrying it - exam registrations, government job portals, older visa systems - do not negotiate, and the file coming off your phone is somewhere between one and eight megabytes.
The instinct is to open a compressor and drag the quality slider to the floor. On a full-resolution camera file that gives you something smeared and blocky which is still over the limit, so people drag it further, and now the photo is unusable and the form still says no. The slider is the last step, not the first.
What follows is the order that works, at 20 KB and at the friendlier 50 KB and 100 KB caps, plus two published specifications where compressing too hard fails on its own terms.
Related tools: [Compress to Size](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-to-size), [Crop Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/crop-image), [Resize Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/resize-image), [Document Photo Maker](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/document-photo), [Image Compressor](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-image)

### Preparing documents for government and university online portals

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/documents-for-online-forms
Portals accept files on rules they mostly do not publish, then reject them with a red box that says nothing useful. This is the working order for getting a document from paper to accepted upload, the traps between each step, and how to diagnose a silent rejection instead of guessing.
The document is fine. You have it in your hand, or on your desktop, and any human looking at it would accept it in a second. The portal will not. It shows a red box saying the file could not be uploaded, or worse, it says nothing at all and quietly leaves the field empty when you scroll back up.
Nearly all of these failures come from a small number of causes, and nearly all are avoidable if you work in the right sequence. The sequence matters more than the tools: people usually own the right software already, they just apply it in an order that destroys quality or breaks a second rule while satisfying the first.
What follows is the end-to-end order, the reasoning behind it, and a diagnostic list for the moment when a technically valid file gets refused anyway.
Related tools: [Document Photo Maker](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/document-photo), [Compress Image to Size](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-to-size), [Image to PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/image-to-pdf), [Merge PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/merge-pdf), [Split PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/split-pdf), [Compress PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/compress-pdf), [OCR](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/ocr)

### What actually happens inside a PDF when you compress it

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/pdf-compression-explained
Run two PDFs through the same compressor and one collapses while the other barely moves. The difference is structural, and it is obvious once you know what a PDF is made of. This is the mechanical account: the objects, the stream filters, what a rebuild can remove, and why some files will not shrink at all.
Two documents, both thirty pages, both A4. One goes from 38 MB to 2 MB. The other gives back four kilobytes. Most people conclude the tool is broken, try four more, get the same answer, and give up. The tool is usually fine. The two files differ in a way no PDF reader shows you on screen.
The word compression is doing at least four jobs here, and they operate on different parts of the file. Some are available to code running in a browser tab and some are not. Once you can tell which job a tool is doing, the surprising results stop being surprising.
So this is the mechanical version. What the file is made of, what a save rewrites, why a text document has nothing left to give, and why a compressor sometimes hands back something larger.
Related tools: [Compress PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/compress-pdf), [Split PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/split-pdf), [Merge PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/merge-pdf), [Image to PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/image-to-pdf), [Compress Image to Size](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-to-size), [OCR](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/ocr)

### Image formats compared: JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG and HEIC

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/image-formats-compared
Seven formats cover nearly every image you will ever save or be sent, and each was designed against a different problem. This guide sets them side by side on the properties that actually decide things, then works through what each one is for, where it fails, and how to choose based on who opens the file next.
Seven formats cover almost every image most people deal with. They are not really competitors and there is no winner at the top of the list. Each was designed against a different problem, and format choice feels like guesswork mainly because the export dialog offers all of them at once with no clue which problem you have.
Two questions settle it nearly every time. Is the image a photograph, or flat colour with hard edges. And who opens the file next - a browser on a site you control, or an upload form written a decade ago.
The short version: JPEG for photographs going to strangers, PNG for screenshots and flat graphics, WebP or AVIF for a site you control, SVG for logos and icons, GIF only when something old insists. The rest is why, and where those defaults break.
Related tools: [Format Converter](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/format-converter), [Image Compressor](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-image), [Compress to Size](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-to-size), [Resize Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/resize-image)

### HEIC explained: why iPhone photos will not open, and how to get a JPG

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/heic-explained
HEIC is the format iPhones have used for photos since 2017. It stores a picture in roughly half the space of a JPEG, and it fails to open on a large share of the computers you might send it to. Here is what the format is, exactly where it breaks, the setting that stops your phone producing it, and what conversion can and cannot do.
You attach a photo to a form and it tells you the file type is not supported, without saying which types are. Or you email a picture to somebody and they see a blank icon. The photo looked completely normal on the phone that took it, which is what makes this so hard to diagnose from the sending end.
The file is a .HEIC, and it has been the iPhone camera default since iOS 11 in 2017. On its technical merits it beats JPEG comfortably. That is no help at all when the file will not open, and nothing goes wrong until the photo leaves Apple's world, so the person who took it usually has no idea anything is wrong.
There are three separate things worth understanding, and they solve different problems: what the format is, how to stop your phone making them, and how to rescue the ones you already have.
Related tools: [Format Converter](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/format-converter), [Compress Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-image), [Compress to Size](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-to-size)

### Uploads versus your browser: what really happens to a file, and how to check

Canonical page: https://utilbyte.app/guides/browser-vs-upload-privacy
Two websites that look identical can do completely different things with the file you hand them. One sends it to a server, the other never lets it leave the tab. This guide explains both paths honestly, including what browser processing costs you, then shows two ways to find out for yourself which one a site is using.
Every online converter looks the same from the outside. You drop a file into a dashed box, a progress bar moves, a download appears. Underneath, two completely different things might have happened, and the difference decides whether a copy of your file now exists on somebody else's disk.
This is not an argument that one approach is evil and the other virtuous. Server-side processing is how a lot of good software works. The problem is narrower: most people cannot tell which kind of site they are on, and a homepage claim is not evidence, because it costs nothing to make.
So the useful part of this guide is not the explanation. It is the two tests in the middle, which take about a minute between them and require you to trust nobody.
Related tools: [Format Converter](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/format-converter), [Image Compressor](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/compress-image), [Document Photo](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/document-photo), [Merge PDF](https://utilbyte.app/pdf-tools/merge-pdf), [Resize Image](https://utilbyte.app/image-tools/resize-image)